Contents
Circuit Shop Help

Copyright © 1997 Cherrywood Systems.

All rights reserved.

Before You Begin

What is Circuit Shop

Technical support

Limitations

Purchasing information

Warranty

Getting Started

Starting and exiting Circuit Shop

Creating and editing diagrams

Help topic tree

Tutorials

General tutorial introduction and instructions

Resistors and simple circuits

Tutorial topic tree

References

Circuit Shop files

Device and drawing toolkits

Dialog boxes

Glossary

Hints

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Topic Tree

The following topic tree shows the structure of and provides quick access to the Circuit Shop help topics.

Contents

What is Circuit Shop

Technical support

Limitations

Purchasing information

Warranty

Starting and exiting Circuit Shop

Creating and editing diagrams

Creating a new diagram window

Opening an existing diagram

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Deleting devices or objects from a diagram

Adding text objects to a diagram

Selecting an object

Modifying device values or other object attributes

Moving devices or objects

Rotating devices or objects

Connecting devices - adding wires

Adding a vertex to a wire

Viewing circuit voltage and current values - adding meters

Analysing a circuit

Tutorial help topics

General tutorial introduction and instructions

Resistors and simple circuits tutorial

Tutorial topic tree

Device and drawing toolkits

Analog device toolkit

Audio toolkit

Capacitor toolkit

Diode toolkit

Ground toolkit

Inductor toolkit

Resistor toolkit

Switch toolkit

Terminal toolkit

Transistor toolkit

Miscellaneous toolkit

Paint toolkit

Menu commands

File commands

Edit commands

View commands

Tool commands

Help commands

Dialog boxes

Edit Device dialog box

Edit Meter dialog box

Edit Text dialog box

Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

Print dialog box

Printer Setup dialog box

Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box

Select Font dialog box

Glossary


Search


Circuit Shop files

Circuit Shop files hold circuitry information.  By default, they have the file type .CS1.


Creating and Editing Diagrams

The following topics describe Circuit Shop's diagram creation and editing capabilities:

Creating a new diagram window

Opening an existing diagram

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Deleting devices or objects from a diagram

Adding text objects to a diagram

Selecting an object

Modifying device values or other object attributes

Moving devices or objects

Rotating devices or objects

Connecting devices - adding wires

Adding a vertex to a wire

Viewing circuit voltage and current values - adding meters

Analysing a circuit


Adding a Vertex to a Wire

To add a vertex on a wire:

1.	Ensure the device or object toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the wire portion where the vertex is to be added.

4.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the desired vertex location.

5.	Release the mouse button.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Connecting devices - adding wires

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Adding a Device or Object

To add a device or object to a diagram:

1.	Ensure the device or object toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose a device or object icon on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the device or object is to be located.

4.	Click the mouse to place the selected device or object on the diagram.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Adding a Text Object

To add a text object to a diagram:

1.	Ensure the paint toolkit is visible. (hint2)

2.	Using the mouse, choose [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the text is to be located.

4.	Click the mouse to place the text object on the diagram.  The initial value of the text object will be "(empty)".

Related topics:

Edit Text dialog box

Modifying object values and attributes

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Connecting devices - adding wires
Connecting Devices - Adding Wires and Connectors

Adding a wire to connect two devices:

1.	Ensure the device toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the wire icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over a device terminal.

4.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to another device terminal.

5.	Release the mouse button.

Adding a connector to connect multiple devices:

1.	Ensure the device toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the connector icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the connector is to be located and click the mouse to place the connector on the diagram.

4.	Using the mouse, choose the wire icon [image] on the toolkit.

5.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over a device terminal to be connected to the connector object.

6.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the connector.

7.	Release the mouse button.

8.	Repeat steps (5) through (7) on the other devices to be connected to the connector object.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding a vertex to a wire

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Creating a New Diagram Window

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command File|New to create a new diagram window.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Deleting a Device or Object

To delete a device or object from a diagram:

1.	Ensure the device or object toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to the device or object to be deleted.

4.	Click the mouse to select the device or object.

5.	Use the Edit|Delete menu command to delete the device or object.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Modifying Device or Object Attributes

Circuit Shop allows devices to be updated via dialog boxes.  To modify a device's value or attribute:

1.	Ensure the device or object toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the device or object to be modified.

4.	Double click the left mouse button to display the device or object's dialog box.  For example, double clicking on a resistor will open the Edit Device dialog box.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Dialog boxes

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Moving an object

To move a device or object:

1.	Ensure the device toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the device or object to be moved.

4.	Press the left mouse button and drag the device to the new location.

5.	Release the mouse button.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Opening an Existing Diagram

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command File|Open to invoke the Open Circuit Shop File dialog box.  On successful completion of the dialog box, a new diagram window will be opened with an existing circuit shop file.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Device and drawing toolkits

Dialog boxes


Rotating a device

To rotate a device:

1.	Ensure the device or object toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over a device terminal.

4.	Press the left mouse button and drag the device terminal to the new location.

5.	Release the mouse button.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu Commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Selecting an object

To select an object:

1.	Ensure the device toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, choose the pointer icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the device or object to be selected.

4.	Click the left mouse button to select the object.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Edit|Delete command

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Analysing a Circuit

Once a circuit has been constructed, use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.  As a side effect of the analysis, device meters are updated.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Viewing circuit voltage and current values

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits


Viewing Circuit Voltage and Current Values

Circuit shop provides the following meter types to view circuit voltage and current values.

  -	Device meter provides information on how to add a meter to a diagram, and link it to a device to measure the device's voltage and current.

Related topics:

Analysing a circuit

Tool|Analyse command

Creating and editing diagrams


 Device Meter

A device meter can be used to view the voltage across a device and the current flowing through a device.  The voltage and current values are set when a circuit is analysed.

To add a device meter to the diagram:

1.	Ensure the analog device toolkit is visible. (hint1)

2.	Using the mouse, click the meter icon [image] on the toolkit.

3.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the meter is to be placed.

4.	Click the mouse to place the meter on the diagram.  Adding objects provides additional details.

To link the meter to a device:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the meter.

3.	Double click the mouse on the meter to open the Edit Meter dialog box.  Modifying object values provides additional details.

4.	To link the meter to a device, select the device type and enter the device's id.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Tool|Analyse command


Edit commands
Edit menu

The Edit menu provides commands undo the previous command, clear the diagram window and delete a selected object.

Undo

Clear

Delete


Edit clear command
Edit|Clear Command

This command removes all objects from the diagram.

Related topics:

Edit commands

Menu commands


Edit delete command
Edit|Delete Command

This command removes selected objects from the diagram.

Related topics:

Edit commands

Menu commands


Edit undo command
Edit|Undo Command

This command restores the diagram in the current window to the way it was before the most recent object change, addition or deletion.

Related topics:

Edit commands

Menu commands


File commands
File menu

The File menu provides commands for creating new circuit shop files, opening existing files, saving files, printing files, and exiting Circuit Shop.

New

Open

Save

Save as

Revert to saved

Close

Print

Print preview

Printer setup

Exit


File new command
File|New Command

This command opens a new circuit shop file drawing window with the default name (Untitled). (Untitled) windows are used as temporary edit buffers. Circuit Shop prompts for a filename when the window is closed or saved.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


File open command
File|Open Command

This command displays the Open Circuit Shop File dialog box. In this dialog box, you select the existing circuit shop file you want to open. When the file is successfully opened, a drawing window is opened.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


File save command
File|Save Command

This command saves a Circuit Shop file to disk.

If the file has not been named, Circuit Shop opens the Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box. This dialog box allows you to specify the filename and optionally save it in a different directory or different drive.

If an existing filename is used to name the file, Circuit Shop will ask if you want to overwrite the existing file.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


File save as command
File|Save As Command

This command opens the Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box. This dialog box allows the active drawing window to be saved under a different name, different directory, or different drive.

If an existing filename is used to name the file, Circuit Shop will ask if you want to overwrite the existing file.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


File revert to saved command
File|Revert To Saved Command

This command deletes the current contents of the drawing window and reloads the window from the last saved Circuit Shop file.

Any changes made since the last time the file was saved will be lost.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands


File close command
File|Close Command

This command deletes the current drawing window.

If the drawing window has been modified, Circuit Shop prompts to save the Circuit Shop file before deleting the drawing window.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands


File print command
File|Print Command

This command displays the Print dialog box.  In this dialog box, you select the print quality, select output to a file and number of copies.

 The Ok button on the dialog box will generate the printout.

Related topics:

File|Print preview command

File|Printer setup command

File commands

Menu commands


File print preview command
File|Print Preview Command

This command opens a window with a rendition of what will be sent to the printer if the File|Print command was invoked.

The preview window must be closed before further Circuit Shop commands can be invoked.

Related topics:

File|Print command

File|Printer setup command

File commands

Menu commands


File printer setup command
File|Printer Setup Command

This command displays the Printer Setup dialog box.  In this dialog box, you select the default or specific printer, the orientation of portrait or landscape, and paper size and source.

The Ok button on the dialog box will save the current settings to be used in subsequent print commands.

Related topics:

File|Print command

File|Print preview command

File commands

Menu commands


File exit command
File|Exit Command

This command exits Circuit Shop.

If you have modified a Circuit Shop file without saving it, Circuit Shop prompts you to do so before exiting.

Related topics:

File commands

Menu commands


Help commands
Help menu

The Help menu provides commands to obtain information on how to use Circuit Shop.

Contents

- Displays Circuit Shop help contents.

Search For Help On

- Displays the help search dialog box.

How to Use Help

- Displays the standard How To Use Help information.

About Circuit Shop

- Displays the About Circuit Shop dialog box.

Purchasing

- Displays purchasing information.


Menu Commands

The menu bar at the top of the Circuit Shop main window provides access to the menus.  To go to the menu bar, press F10 or click anywhere on it.  You can choose any of the following commands on the menu bar:

File commands

Edit commands

View commands

Tool commands

Help commands

Related topics:

Toolbar commands


Limitations

This version of Circuit Shop has the following limitations:

Circuit analysis

-	The circuit analysis function only supports circuits containing fixed resistors and batteries.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams


Purchasing

You can purchase Circuit Shop by completing the following form and sending a cheque to Cherrywood Systems at the indicated address.

On payment receipt, you will be sent a registration number.

NAME       ___________________________

COMPANY    ___________________________

STREET     ___________________________

CITY       ___________________________

STATE ZIP  ______________  ___________

COUNTRY    ___________________________

TELEPHONE  ___________________________

Product:           Cost      Copies         Total

Circuit Shop     $29.00      ______   $ _________

Make checks payable to: Cherrywood Systems

               Mail to: Cherrywood Systems

                        5143 Galway Dr.

                        Tsawwassen B.C.

                        Canada

                        V4M 3R4


Warranty

"Circuit Shop" is licensed without any warranty of merchantability, fitness of particular purpose, performance, or otherwise.  All warranties are disclaimed.  By using "Circuit Shop", you agree that neither Cherrywood Systems nor any of its employees, affiliates, owners, or other related parties will be liable to you or any third party for any use of (or inability to use) this software, or for any damages whatsoever, even if Cherrywood Systems and/or the authors are apprised of the possibility of such damages occurring.  Cherrywood Systems and/or the authors assume no liability for losses or damages, of a physical, financial, or of whatever nature, direct or consequential, resulting from the use of, or purported use of "Circuit Shop" or any of the files in the package, for any purpose whatsoever.

You use "Circuit Shop" entirely at your own risk.


Starting and Exiting Circuit Shop

Starting Circuit Shop

Circuit Shop can be started from the:

Program Manager

File Manager

Command Line

When you start Circuit Shop, it will open its Main Window.

Starting from the Program Manager

Like most Windows applications, you can start Circuit Shop by double-clicking on its icon.  The location of the icon depends on how Circuit Shop was installed.  If the default setup was used, the icon is in the Circuit Shop group.

Starting from the File Manager

Circuit Shop is started from the File Manager by double-clicking on CIRC.EXE, or by highlighting it and pressing <Enter>.  CIRC.EXE can be found in the drive and directory that was selected during installation.  If the default setup was used, CIRC.EXE is in C:\CIRCnnn.

Starting from the Command Line

To start Circuit Shop from the Windows command line:

1.	Select "File" in the menubar, then select cf2 "Run".

2.	Enter Circuit Shop's full filename path, i.e. Circuit Shop's drive and directory, followed by "CIRC.EXE". If the default setup was used, type "C:\CSHOPn\CIRC.EXE".

3.	Click the OK Button or press <Enter>.

Exiting

Exit Circuit Shop like most Windows programs:

1.	Select "Exit" in Circuit Shop's File Menu.

2.	Double-click Circuit Shop's Main Window Control Box.

3.	Press <Alt> + <F4>.

4.	Select "Exit" in Circuit Shop's Main Window's Control Menu.


Technical Support

If you have product questions or suggestions you can contact the developers via the Internet at

Cherrywood@compuserve.com

Product suggestions are always welcome.  If you have any suggestions or comments which would make Circuit Shop a useful tool to you or in your environment, please send them along.  We will analyze your request and attempt to schedule/add any feature that fits into the product vision and our development resources permit.

Related topics:

Circuit Shop limitations

Purchasing information


Tool commands
Tool menu

The Tool menu provides commands to analyse a circuit, and control drawing tools such as pen size, pen color and drawing grid size.

Analyse

Pen Size

Pen Foreground Color

Pen Background Color

Font

Grid X Size

Grid Y Size


Tool analyse command
Tool|Analyse Command

This command invokes Circuit Shop's circuit analysis function.  On the first execution of this command or if the previous analysis window has been closed, an iconified analysis window is opened to report analysis results.  On subsequent executions of this command the analysis window is updated.

As part of the analysis, device meter voltage and current values are updated.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

See limitations for a description of the analysis capabilities of this version Circuit Shop.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool font command
Tool|Font Command

This command opens the select font dialog box to set a new default font. New devices or objects placed on the drawing after selecting a new default font will be drawn with the new font.

If a device or object with text has been selected prior to executing this command, its font will also be changed.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool pen size command
Tool|Pen Size Command

This command opens a dialog box to set a new pen size. New devices and objects placed on the drawing will be drawn with the new size.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool pen foreground color command
Tool|Pen Foreground Color Command

This command opens a dialog box to set a new foreground color.  New devices and objects placed on the drawing will be drawn with the new color.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool pen background color command
Tool|Pen Background Color Command

This command opens a dialog box to set a new background color.  New objects such as filled rectangles placed on the drawing will be drawn with the new color.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool grid x size command
Tool|Grid X Size Command

This command opens a dialog box to set a size for the drawing grid in the x or horizontal direction.  New devices and objects placed on the drawing will be centred on the new grid value.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Tool grid y size command
Tool|Grid Y Size Command

This command opens a dialog box to set a size for the drawing grid in the y or vertical direction.  New devices and objects placed on the drawing will be centred on the new grid value.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Device and Drawing Toolkits

Circuit shop provides the following device and drawing toolkits:

Analog device toolkit:

The analog device toolkit allows basic analog devices such as resistors, batteries and transistors to be added to a diagram and provides tools (wire and connector objects) to connect them.

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Analog Device Toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit.  Use the indicated icon on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss the sub-toolkit:

 Ground toolkit:

The ground toolkit provides access to the different ground and antenna device types.

 Transistor toolkit:

The transistor toolkit provides instant access to the different transistor related device types and orientations.

 Diode toolkit:

The diode toolkit provides access to the different diode device types.

 Terminal toolkit:

The terminal toolkit provides access to the different terminal types, including plug ins and receptacles.

 Switch toolkit:

The switch toolkit provides access to the different switch types, including push buttons, fuses and relays.

 Resistor toolkit:

The resistor toolkit provides access to the different resistor device types.

 Capacitor toolkit:

The capacitor toolkit provides access to fixed and variable capacitor types.

 Inductor toolkit:

The inductor toolkit provides access to the different inductor and transformer types.

 Audio toolkit:

The audio toolkit provides access to the different audio device types such as speakers and earphones.

 Miscellaneous toolkit:

The miscellaneous toolkit provides access to the miscellaneous devices such as general meters, DC motors, AC generators, lamps, crystals, and operational amplifiers.

Paint toolkit:

The paint toolkit allows simple objects such as text, lines, ovals and rectangles to be added to a diagram.

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Paint toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Connecting devices - adding wires

View commands


Analog Device Toolkit

The analog device toolkit provides access to analog devices, associated tools sub-toolkits.  To select a device, tool or sub-toolkit, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose any of the following:

 pointer tool - allows device selection

 wire tool - connects devices

 connector tool - provides a connection point for wires

 resistor

 battery

 device meter - measures voltages and current

 capacitor

 inductor

 ground toolkit

 transistor toolkit

 diode toolkit

 terminal toolkit

 switch toolkit

 resistor toolkit

 capacitor toolkit

 inductor toolkit

 audio toolkit

 miscellaneous toolkit

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Analog Device Toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Paint Toolkit

The paint toolkit provides access to simple drawing tools.  To select a tool, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose any of the following tools:

 pen tool - draws a line

 pointer tool - allows object or device selection

 fill tool - fills an area with a color

 text tool - adds a text object

 rectangle tool - draws a rectangle

 filled rectangle tool - draws a filled rectangle

 ellipse tool - draws an ellipse

 filled ellipse tool - draws a filled ellipse

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Paint Toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Transistor Toolkit

The transistor toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit to add transistor and field effect transistor (FET) devices to circuits.  This toolkit provides instant access to the different transistor related device types and orientations.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a transistor type and initial orientation, click the mouse on the desired icon.

PNP transistors:

NPN transistors:

N channel FET:

P channel FET:

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Ground Toolkit

The ground toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit to add ground points and antennas to circuits.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a ground or antenna, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 chassis ground

 earth ground

 antenna

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Diode Toolkit

The diode toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different diode related device types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a diode device type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 diode

 zener diode

 LED - light emitting diode

 SCR - silicon controlled rectifier

 Tunnel diode

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Audio Toolkit

The audio toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different audio device types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select an audio device type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 speaker

 microphone

 earphones

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Terminal Toolkit

The terminal toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different terminal types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a terminal type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 terminal

 plug in

 receptacle

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Switch Toolkit

The switch toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different switch types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a switch type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 single-throw single-pole switch

 normally open push button

 normally closed push button

 fuse

 normally open relay

 normally closed relay

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Resistor Toolkit

The resistor toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different resistor device types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a resistor type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 fixed resistor

 potentiometer

 variable resistor

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Capacitor Toolkit

The capacitor toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to fixed and variable capacitor device types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a capacitor type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 fixed capacitor

 variable capacitor

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Inductor Toolkit

The inductor toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to the different inductor and transformer device types.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select an inductor or transformer type, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following types:

 fixed inductor

 variable inductor

 transformer

 tapped transformer

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Miscellaneous Toolkit

The miscellaneous toolkit is an extension of the analog device toolkit and provides access to various miscellaneous devices.

Use [image] on the analog device toolkit to display or dismiss this toolkit. (hint1)

To select a device, click the mouse on the desired icon.  You can choose from the following devices:

 general meter

 DC motor

 AC generator

 Lamp

 Crystal

 Operational amplifier

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Adding devices or objects to a diagram

Rotating devices or objects

Device and drawing toolkits

View commands


Toolbar Commands

The toolbar at the top of the Circuit Shop main window provides quick access to common menu commands. To execute a toolbar command, click the mouse on the desired icon. You can choose any of the following commands on the toolbar:

 File|New command

 File|Open command

 File|Save command

 File|Save As command

 Tool|Analyse command

 View|Analog Device Toolkit command

 View|Paint toolkit command

 Tool|Pen Size command

 Tool|Pen Foreground Color command

 Tool|Font command

 Help|Contents command

Related topics:

Menu commands


Value Slider

The value slider is not implemented in this version of Circuit Shop.


View Commands
View Menu

The View menu provides commands display or dismiss a device or tool toolkit.

Analog device toolkit

Paint toolkit


View Analog Device Toolkit Command
View|Analog Device Toolkit Command

This command displays or dismisses the analog device toolkit.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits


View Paint toolkit command
View|Paint Toolkit Command

This command displays or dismisses the paint toolkit.

The toolbar icon [image] can also be used to execute this command.

Related topics:

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits


What is Circuit Shop

Circuit Shop allows you to create and learn electronic circuits and concepts.  Circuit Shop is an easy to use CAD tool to allow simple electronic circuits to be constructed and analyzed.  It includes:

  •	Drawing tools to construct simple electronic circuit schematics consisting of analog devices such as resistors, batteries, transistors, etc.

  •	A tutorial which teaches basic electronic concepts.

  •	A simple paint toolkit to allow text, lines, ovals and rectangles to be added as circuit annotations.

Circuit Shop is distributed in its full form and is not disabled in any way, there are no extra files, and no additional capabilities provided after registration.  There is no written manual, all documentation is supplied in this help file.

Keywords: electronic analog devices circuit schematic CAD educational tutorial drawing paint toolkit

Related Topics:

Topic tree

Creating and editing diagrams

Resistors and simple circuits tutorial

Purchasing information


Dialog boxes
Circuit Shop Dialog Boxes

Circuit Shop includes the following dialog boxes:

Edit Device dialog box

Edit Meter dialog box

Edit Text dialog box

Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

Print dialog box

Printer Setup dialog box

Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box

Select Font dialog box

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Toolbar commands


Edit Device Dialog Box

The Edit Device dialog box is where device values and other attributes are initialised or modified.

The Device Id input box is where a numeric identifier for the device is entered.  A numeric value of zero will suppress the output of the device Id.  Examples of valid device Ids: 1, 5, 27 and 1039.

The Device Value input box is where a numeric value for the device is entered.  Examples of valid device values: 1, 500, 1000 and 55000.

The Device Name input box is where an optional text description for the device is entered.

The Value Slider check box is where a value slider can be enabled or disabled for the device.

The Ok button will save the current dialog box settings.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without changing the current device values and attributes.

The Help button will display this help topic.

Related topics:

Modifying device values or other object attributes

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


Edit Meter Dialog Box

The Edit Meter dialog box is where a meter's attributes are initialised or modified.

The Meter Type input box is where the meter type is defined. This version of Circuit Shop only supports device meters.

The Device Type input box is where the device type to be metered is defined.

The Device Id input box is where a numeric identifier for the device to be metered is entered.  Examples of valid device Ids: 1, 5, 27 and 1039.

The Ok button will save the current dialog box settings.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without changing the current meter values and attributes.

The Help button will display this help topic.

Related topics:

Viewing circuit voltage and current values - adding meters

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


Edit Text Dialog Box

The Edit Text dialog box is where a text object's value is modified.

The New value input box is where the new string value is entered.

The Ok button will save the current dialog box value.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without changing the current text object value.

Related topics:

Adding text objects to a diagram

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

This dialog box is where you open a circuit shop file by typing the file name in the input box or using the list boxes to find and open the file.

The File Name input box is where you enter the name of the file to load, or the filename mask to use as a filter for the Files list box.

The Files list box displays the names of files in the current directory that match the filename mask in the File Name input box, plus the parent directory and all subdirectories.

The Directories list box displays the contents of different directories by selecting a directory name in the Directories list box.

The Ok button will attempt to open the selected file.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without opening a file.

You can also use shortcut keys to get to the area of the dialog box you want.  For example, pressing Alt+D outlines the first directory in the Directories list box.

Related topics:

File|Open command

Opening an existing diagram

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


Print Dialog Box

The Print dialog box sets the printout parameters and generates a printout of the contents of a circuit shop window.

The Print Quality input box is where the printer resolution is specified.

The Print to File check box is where the printer output can be directed to a file.  If this check box is selected a dialog box will be opened to specify the output filename.

The Copies input box is where the number of printed copies is specified.

The Ok button will generate the printout and send it to the selected printer or file.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without generating a printout.

The Setup button invokes the Printer Setup dialog box to select the default or specific printer, the page orientation of portrait or landscape, and paper size and source.

Related topics:

File|Print command

File|Printer setup command

Dialog boxes


Printer Setup Dialog Box

The Printer Setup dialog box sets printer parameters for subsequent print commands.  Parameters include using the windows default or a specific printer, the page orientation of portrait or landscape, and paper size and source.

The Printer radio button box is where the printer is specified.  If Default Printer is selected, the current windows default printer is used.  If Specific Printer is selected, the drop down selection box can be used to select a specific printer from the known set of printers.

The Orientation radio button box is where the the page orientation of Portrait or Landscape is selected.

The Paper input box is where the paper size and source is selected.

The Ok button will save the current dialog box settings to be used in subsequent print commands.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without changing the printer settings.

The Options button will display a dialog box to set additional printer details including dithering and intensity.

Related topics:

File|Print command

File|Print preview command

File|Printer setup command

Dialog boxes


Save Circuit Shop File As Dialog Box

The Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box is where you enter the initial or new name for a circuit shop file.

If you choose an existing file name, Circuit Shop asks if you want to overwrite the existing file.

The File Name input box is where you enter the name of the file to save to, or the filename mask to use as a filter for the Files list box.

The Files list box displays the names of files in the current directory that match the filename mask in the File Name input box, plus the parent directory and all subdirectories.

The Directories list box displays the contents of different directories by selecting a directory name in the Directories list box.

The Ok button will attempt to save to the specified file.

The Cancel button will close the dialog window without saving.

Related topics:

File|Save As command

File|Open command

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


File Name Input Box

The File Name input box is where you enter the name of the file to load, or the file-name mask to use as a filter for the Files list box.

To open a file you can choose any of these actions:

  -	Type in a file name (if the file is not in your current directory, include the full path name) and choose OK or press Enter.

  -	Type in a file name with * and ? wildcards, which filters the files in the Files list box to match your specifications when you choose OK or press Enter.

Related topics:

Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box

File|Open command

File|Save As command


Files List Box

The Files list box displays the names of files in the current directory that match the filename mask in the File Name input box , plus the parent directory and all subdirectories.

The Files list box is updated to show the files in the currently chosen directory.

If the file you want to open is listed in the list box, double-click on it to open or select the file.

If you are using the keyboard, Tab to the Files list box and use the Up or Down arrow to reach the file you want to open.  Press Enter to open or select the file.

Press the Spacebar or an arrow key to select the first item.  Press Enter to open or select the item.

Related topics:

Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box

File|Open command

File|Save As command


Directories list box

The Directories list box lists the names of available directories and drives.

To work with directories, press Alt+D.  The first directory in the Directories list box will be outlined.

Double-click directories in the Directories list box to change to a different directory.

If you are using your keyboard, use the arrow keys to select the directory or drive you want to open and choose OK or press Enter.

If you see and double-click the [..] symbol, the directory will change to the parent directory of the current subdirectory.

Related topics:

Open Circuit Shop File dialog box

Save Circuit Shop File As dialog box

File|Open command

File|Save As command


Select Font Dialog Box

The Select Font dialog box is where a font is selected.

The Font input box is where the font is selected.

The Font Style input box is where a style is selected.  Examples of font styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic.

The Size input box is where the point size is specified.

Related topics:

Tool|Font command

Creating and Editing Diagrams

Dialog boxes


Hints

Hint1 - to display the analog device toolkit.

Hint2 - to display the paint toolkit.


Hint1

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Analog Device Toolkit to display the analog device toolkit.


Hint2

Use [image] on the toolbar or menu command View|Paint toolkit to display the paint toolkit.


Glossary

AC generator

Alternating current

Ampere

Antenna

Battery

Capacitor

Capacitance

Connector

Crystal

Current

DC motor

Diode

Direct current

Earphones

Energy

Farad

FET

Field effect transistor

Fuse

General meter

Ground

Henry

Inductor

Inductance

Kirchoff's current law

Kirchoff's voltage law

Lamp

LED

Light emitting diode

Microphone

Normally closed push button

Normally open push button

Ohm

Ohm's law

Op amp

Operational amplifier

Parallel circuit

Plug in

POT

Potentiometer

Power

Push button

Receptacle

Relay

Resistor

Resistance

SCR

Series circuit

Silicon controlled rectified

Speaker

SPST switch

Switch

Terminal

Transformer

Transistor

Tunnel diode

Voltage

Watt

Watt-hour

Wire

Zener diode


 AC Generator

Definition: A rotating machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC).


Alternating current
Alternating Current (AC)

Definition: A variable valued current which repeatedly increases to a maximum flow in one direction, decreases to zero, reverses, then increases to a maximum flow in the other direction.  The number of times this cycle this is repeated per second is called the frequency.  The average current over one cycle is zero.


Ampere

Definition: The usual measure of current in an electric circuit.  One Ampere of current is produced by an electromotive force of one volt acting through a resistance of one ohm.


 Antenna

Definition: A device to radiate or receive radio waves.


 Battery

Definition: A device connected into an electrical circuit to introduce a specified direct current (DC) voltage.


 Capacitor

Definition: A device connected into an electrical circuit to introduce a specified capacitance.


Capacitance

Definition: The property of a circuit which impedes a change in voltage.  Capacitance is measured in farads in honor of Michael Faraday.  In electronic circuits, the usual measure of capacitance is microfarads (uF) or picofarads (pF), 1e-6 or 1e-12 farads respectively.


 Connector

Definition: A device to allow one or more wires or devices to be electrically connected together.


 Crystal

Definition: A thin plate of quartz which is ground to a certain thickness to vibrate at a specific frequency when energy is applied.


Current

Definition: The rate of flow of electrons in a circuit measured in amperes.


 DC Motor

Definition: A rotating machine which converts direct current (DC) electrical energy into mechanical energy.


 Diode

Definition: A semiconductor device with two electrodes which allows current to flow in one direction.  In the above icon, the left and right electrodes are called the anode and cathode respectively.


Direct current
Direct Current (DC)

Definition: A constant valued current which flows in one direction.


 Earphones

Definition: An electroacoustic transducer intended to be used near the ears which converts electrical power into acoustic power with approximately the same waveform as the electrical input.


Energy

Definition: The amount of work performed.  Whereas power is the rate at which work is done, energy is the amount of work actually performed in a period of time.  In an electrical circuit, energy is equal to the power times the time duration.  Electrical energy is measured in watt-hours, one watt-hour is equivalent to one watt of power used for one hour.


Farad

Definition: The measure of capacitance in an electric circuit.  One Farad of capacitance causes one ampere of current to flow when the applied voltage is changing at a rate of one volt per second.


 Field Effect Transistor

Definition: An active semiconductor device having three electrodes.  In the above icon, starting with the electrode with the arrow, in a clockwise direction, the electrodes are called the gate, drain and source.  The resistance between the drain and the source depends on the field produced by the voltage applied to the gate.


 Fuse

Definition: A protective device which breaks the path in an electrical circuit when the current exceeds the rated value.


 General Meter

Definition: A graphical representation of a circuit meter.

Note: Use the text tool [image] on the paint toolkit to add V, A or OHM annotations to the center of the general meter to indicate a voltmeter, ammeter or ohmmeter respectively.


Ground
 Chassis Ground    [image] Earth Ground

Definition: The voltage reference in the circuit.  There may or may not be an actual connection to the earth.


Henry

Definition: The measure of inductance in an electric circuit.  One Henry of inductance causes one volt of counter electromotive force when the circuit current is changing at a rate of one ampere per second.


 Inductor

Definition: A device connected into an electrical circuit to introduce a specified inductance.


Inductance

Definition: The property of a circuit which impedes a change in current.  Inductance is measured in henrys.  In electronic circuits, the usual measure of inductance is henrys (H), milihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (uH), 1, 1e-3 or 1e-6 henrys respectively.


Kirchoff's Current Law

Definition: The sum of the branch currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving a node.


Kirchoff's Voltage Law

Definition: The sum of the voltage rises around a circuit loop is equal to the sum of the voltage drops around the loop.


 Lamp

Definition: A light producing device.


Light emitting diode
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Definition: A special type of diode which produces light when current flows in the forward direction.


 Microphone

Definition: An electroacoustic transducer which converts acoustic power into electrical power with approximately the same waveform as the acoustic input.


Ohm

Definition: The usual measure of resistance in an electric circuit.  One Ohm of resistance in a conductor allows one ampere of current to flow when one volt of electromotive force is applied.


Ohm's Law

Definition: The current in an electric circuit is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit and is directly proportional to the electromotive force (or voltage) in the circuit.


 Operational Amplifier

Definition: A general purpose high-gain amplifier to which feedback components are added in various configurations to perform various functions such as differential amplifier, differentiator and integrator.


Parallel Circuit

Definition: A circuit which contains more than one path for the current to flow through.


 Plug In

Definition: A device, usually with pins which can complete a connection in an electrical circuit.  A plug in device is usually associated with a receptacle.


Potentiometer
 Potentiometer (POT)

Definition: A three terminal electromechanical resistive device with two fixed end terminals and one terminal connected to an adjustable contact.  The adjustable contact provides a variable resistance.


Power

Definition: The rate of doing work.  In an electrical circuit, power is equal to the applied voltage times the resulting current.  Power is measured in watts in honor of James Watt, the Scottish mechanical engineer who invented the steam engine.

  One watt of electrical power is equal to one volt multiplied by one ampere.


Push button
Push Button    [image] - Normally Open    [image] - Normally Closed

Definition: A device which momentarily completes (normally open) or breaks (normally closed) the current path in an electrical circuit.


 Receptacle

Definition: A device, usually stationary with sockets which can complete a connection in an electrical circuit.  A receptacle is usually associated with a plug in.


Relay
Relay    [image] - Normally Open    [image] - Normally Closed

Definition: An electromechanical device consisting of a coil and an armature.  Depending on the relay type, the armature has contacts which are normally open or closed.  A voltage applied to the coil causes the armature to move and the contacts are either closed (from normally open) or opened (from normally closed).


 Resistor

Definition: A device connected into an electrical circuit to introduce a specified resistance.


Resistance

Definition: The property of a conductor which impedes the passage of electric current. Resistance is measured in ohms in honor of the German physicist George Simon Ohm who investigated and formulated the relationship between voltage, current and resistance (Ohm's law).


Series Circuit

Definition: A circuit which contains only one possible path for the current to flow through.


Silicon controlled rectifier
 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Definition: A special type of diode with an additional electrode called a gate.  A voltage applied to the gate will turn the SCR on and allow current to flow.  In the above icon, the left, right and bottom electrodes are called the anode, cathode and gate respectively.


 Speaker

Definition: An electroacoustic transducer which converts electrical power into acoustic power into the air with approximately the same waveform as the electrical input.


 Switch

Definition: A device which breaks or completes the current path in an electrical circuit, or depending on the type of switch, sends the current in a different path.


 Terminal

Definition: A point of connection for two or more electrical circuit conductors.


 Transformer

Definition: A device which uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy from one circuit to another at the same frequency but with different voltage and current.


 Transistor

Definition: An active semiconductor device, usually made of silicon or germanium and usually having three electrodes.  In the above icon, starting with the electrode with the arrow, in a clockwise direction, the electrodes are called the emitter, base and collector.


 Tunnel Diode

Definition: A special type of diode which has the characteristic that for a certain voltage range, as the voltage increases the current decreases.  In other words, for a certain voltage range, as the voltage increases the resistance also increases, thus allowing less current to flow.  This voltage range is called the "negative resistance region."


Voltage

Definition: The usual measure of electromotive force in a circuit. One Volt is the amount of energy supplied to an electric circuit in one second to produce one ampere of electric current in the circuit.


Watt

Definition: The usual measure of power in an electric circuit.  One watt of electrical power is equal to one volt multiplied by one ampere.


Watt-hour

Definition: The usual measure of energy in an electric circuit.  One watt-hour is equivalent to one watt of power used for one hour.


 Wire

Definition: One solid conductor or several conductors stranded together with a low resistance to current flow.  Usually made from copper and insulated.


 Zener Diode

Definition: A special type of diode which maintains a constant voltage across its terminals.  Zener diodes are used in voltage regulator circuits.  In the above icon, the left and right electrodes are called the anode and cathode respectively.


General Tutorial Introduction and Instructions

Each tutorial is structured in a consistent manner and consists of several exercises, and each exercise consists of several topics.  For example the

Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial consists of:

Ohm's law exercise

Series circuit exercise

Parallel circuit exercise

Power and energy exercise

Each exercise is structured in a consistent manner and where applicable, consists of theory, examples, demonstration circuit and detailed demonstration circuit construction topics.  For example the

Ohm's law exercise consists of:

Theory

Examples

Demonstration circuit

Demonstration circuit construction

To keep track of where you are in a tutorial, print the tutorial topic tree using the above File/Print Topic command and tick off the exercises as they are completed.

Within a tutorial, each exercise builds on the previous, thus it is recommended that the tutorial be completed from beginning to end.

If your terminal is large enough, move the help window to one side and the Circuit Shop application window to the other.  If both the help window and the Circuit Shop application window cannot be shown without an overlap, resize the help window to cover approximately one half of the screen.  While working through the tutorial, you will have to switch from one window to another.

Alternatively, before starting an exercise, select the topic on the tutorial topic tree and print the exercise using the above File/Print Topic command.  The hardcopy can be used to add personal notes to the exercise.

Related topics:

Tutorial topic tree


Tutorial Topic Tree

The following topic tree shows the structure of and provides quick access to the various tutorial topics.

General tutorial introduction and instructions

Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's law exercise

Theory

Examples

Demonstration circuit

Demonstration circuit construction

Series circuit exercise

Theory

Series circuit power

Examples

Demonstration circuit

Demonstration circuit construction

Parallel circuit exercise

Theory

Parallel circuit power

Examples

Demonstration circuit

Demonstration circuit construction

Power and energy exercise

Power - theory

Series circuit power

Parallel circuit power

Power - examples

Energy - theory

Energy - examples


Resistors and Simple Circuits - Tutorial
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

This tutorial covers the following topics:

  -	Ohm's law and the relationship between resistance, voltage and current.

  -	The properties of series and parallel circuits.

  -	Power and energy.

Exercises:

Ohm's Law

Series Circuits

Parallel Circuits

Power and Energy

Related topics:

Tutorial topic tree


Ohm's law exercise
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's Law Exercise

Theory

The Ohm's law equation and the relationship between voltage, current and resistance can be found in theory.

Examples

The use of Ohm's law to determine a circuit's current, voltage or resistance can be found in examples.

Demonstration

Ohm's law demonstration provides instructions to construct a simple Circuit Shop circuit to show the relationships between voltage, current and resistance.

Related topics:

Ohm's law theory

Ohm's law examples

Ohm's law demonstration circuit

Ohm's law demonstration circuit construction

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Tutorial topic tree


Ohm's law theory
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's Law Exercise

Theory

The relationship between voltage, current and resistance is fundamental to electricity and electronics.  Ohm's law defines this relationship.  Ohm's law states

  -	The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage.  In other words, the greater the voltage, the greater the current.

  -	The current in a circuit is inversely proportional to the resistance in the circuit.  In other words, the greater the resistance, the lower the current.

In equation form

                 E (volts)

I (amperes)  =  -----------

                 R (ohms)

where

I = the circuit current in amperes

E = the applied voltage in volts

R = the circuit resistance in ohms

The above equation can be arranged as

                      E         E

     E = I x R   I = ---   R = ---

                      R         I

Using the various forms of the Ohm's law equation, if any two variables is known, the third variable can be determined.  See Ohm's law examples.

When using Ohm's law, all variable values must be in the same basic units, for example E in volts, I in amperes and R in ohms.  See unit conversions.

Related topics:

     Ohm's law exercise

     Ohm's law examples

     Ohm's law demonstration circuit

     Ohm's law

     Voltage

     Current

     Resistance


Ohm's law examples
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's Law Exercise

Examples

Example 1

Given a current of 1 ampere and a resistance of 100 ohms in a circuit, what is the applied voltage?

     E = I x R

       = 1 x 100

       = 100 volts

Example 2

Given a voltage of 200 volts and a resistance of 50 ohms in a circuit, what is the current in the circuit?

          E      200

     I = ---  =  ---  =  4 amperes

          R       50

Example 3

Given a voltage of 150 volts and a current of 25 amperes in a circuit, what is the resistance in the circuit?

          E      150

     R = ---  =  ---  =  6 ohms

          I       25

Related topics:

     Ohm's law theory

     Ohm's law exercise

     Ohm's law

     Voltage

     Current

     Resistance


Ohm's law demonstration circuit
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's Law Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

This circuit demonstrates Ohm's law and shows the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

Step 1 - construct the circuit

Use Circuit Shop tools to construct the following circuit.  See detailed instructions if you are unfamiliar with Circuit Shop.

Step 2 - analyse the circuit

Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.  Analysing a circuit provides additional details.

If the circuit has been correctly constructed and the device meter correctly linked to the resistor, after the analyse command has been executed, the device meter should display 20 volts and 2 amps.  In the circuit, battery B1 applies 20 volts across resistor R1 causing a current of 2 amps to flow.  Using Ohm's law, the current through the resistor may be calculated as follows:

          E       20

     I = ---  =  ----  =  2 amperes

          R       10

Step 2 - increase the voltage

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the battery.

3.	Double click the mouse on the battery to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	In the value field, enter 30 as the battery's new value.

5.	Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.

6.	After the analyse command has been executed, the device meter should display 30 volts and 3 amps.  In the circuit, battery B1 now applies 30 volts across resistor R1's 10 ohms causing a current of 3 amps to flow.  Using Ohm's law, the current through the resistor may be calculated as follows:

          E       30

     I = ---  =  ----  =  3 amperes

          R       10

As stated by Ohm's law, the increase in voltage has increased the current flow in the circuit.

Step 3 - increase the resistance

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the resistor.

3.	Double click the mouse on the resistor to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	In the value field, enter 60 as the resistor's new value.

5.	Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.

6.	After the analyse command has been executed, the device meter should display 30 volts and 500 milli amps.  In the circuit, battery B1 applies 30 volts across resistor R1's 60 ohms causing a current of 500 milli amps to flow.  Using Ohm's law, the current through the resistor may be calculated as follows:

          E       30

     I = ---  =  ----  =  0.5 amperes

          R       60

                       =  500 milli amps

As stated by Ohm's law, the increase in resistance has decreased the current flow in the circuit.

Related topics:

Resistors and Simple Circuits - Tutorial

Ohm's law exercise

Ohm's law theory

Ohm's law examples

Ohm's law demonstration circuit construction

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance


Ohm's law demonstration circuit construction
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Ohm's Law Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

Circuit Construction

This topic provides detailed instructions to construct the Ohm's law demonstration circuit shown in the title bar above.

Open a diagram window and display the analog device toolkit:

1.	Use the File|New menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to open a new diagram window.  Creating a new diagram window provides additional details.

2.	Ensure the analog device toolkit is visible.  If the toolkit is not visible, use the View|Analog Device Toolkit menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to display it.

Add a resistor to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the resistor icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to approximately the center of the diagram window.

3.	Click the mouse to place the resistor on the diagram.  Adding devices provides additional details.

Add a battery to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the battery icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the battery is to be located.  See circuit layout in title bar.

3.	Click the mouse to place the battery on the diagram.

Layout the circuit and rotate the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	If necessary, move either the resistor or battery so they are horizontally aligned.  See circuit layout in title bar.  To move a device, press the left mouse button over a device and drag it to the new location.  Moving devices provides additional details.

3.	By default, Circuit Shop places resistors and batteries on a diagram in a horizontal orientation.  To rotate the resistor, press the left mouse button over one of the resistor terminals and drag it to a vertical orientation.  Rotating devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat step (3) to rotate the battery.  After this step, both devices should be side by side and vertically aligned as shown in the title bar above.

Add wires to connect the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the wire icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the top battery terminal.

3.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the top resistor terminal.  Connecting devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat steps (2) and (3) to connect the bottom device terminals.  At this point the circuit connections are complete and should look as shown in the title bar above.

Add ids and values to the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the resistor.

3.	Double click the mouse on the resistor to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	Enter 1 as the resistor id and 10 ohms as its value.

5.	Repeat step (3) on the battery and enter 1 as the battery id and 20 volts as its value.

6.	Because of the vertical device orientation, the displayed ids and values, called annotations, need to be moved.  See the circuit layout in title bar above for suggested annotation locations.  To move an annotation, press the left mouse button over the annotation and drag it to the new location.  Moving objects provides additional details.

At this point the circuit is complete.  The devices have been added, wires have been added to connect the devices, and their ids and values have been defined.

Add a device meter to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the device meter icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to a position just to the right of the resistor as shown in the title bar above.

3.	Click the mouse to place the meter on the diagram.  Adding objects provides additional details.

Link the meter to the resistor:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the device meter.

3.	Double click the mouse on the meter to open the Edit Meter dialog box.  Modifying object values provides additional details.

4.	To link the meter to the resistor, select Resistor as the device type and 1 as the id.

At this point the circuit construction is complete.  Return to Ohm's law demonstration to complete the exercise.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits

Dialog boxes


Series circuit exercise
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Series Circuit Exercise

Theory

The relationship between voltage, current and resistance in a series circuit can be found in theory.

Examples

The use of Ohm's law to determine a series circuit's current, voltage or resistance can be found in examples.

Demonstration

Series circuit demonstration provides instructions to construct a simple Circuit Shop circuit to show the relationships between voltage, current and resistance in a series circuit.

Related topics:

Series circuit theory

Series circuit examples

Series circuit demonstration circuit

Series circuit demonstration circuit construction

Parallel circuit exercise

Ohm's law exercise

Series circuit

Parallel circuit

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Tutorial topic tree


Series circuit theory
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Series Circuit Exercise

Theory

A series circuit is composed of circuit components connected end-to-end.  A characteristic of a series circuit is that all circuit current flows through each circuit component.  In other words, the same amount of current flows through each series circuit component.

Series circuit resistance

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.  In the above circuit

R (total)  =  R1 + R2 + R3

In general, the total resistance for a series circuit with resistances R1, R2, R3, R4, ... is

R (total)  =  R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + ...

Series circuit current

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.  In the above circuit

               E (total)

I (total)  =  -----------

               R (total)

Voltage drop

Using Kirchoff's voltage law, the sum of voltage drops around a series circuit is equal to the applied voltage.  Using the fact the same circuit current flows through each device, Ohm's law can be used to determine the voltage drop across each resistor.

E (R1)  =  I (total) x R1

E (R2)  =  I (total) x R2

E (R3)  =  I (total) x R3

The sum of the of the voltage drops equal the applied voltage.

E (B1)  =  E (R1)  +  E (R2)  +  E (R3)

Series circuit examples works through an example of the use of the above equations.

Power

Series circuit power describes how power is calculated in a series circuit.

Related topics:

Kirchoff's voltage law

Series circuit exercise

Series circuit examples

Series circuit demonstration circuit

Power and energy exercise


Series circuit examples
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Series Circuit Exercise

Examples

Example 1

Circuit values

   B1 = 120 volts

   R1 =  10 ohms

   R2 =  20 ohms

   R3 =  30 ohms

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.  In the above circuit

R (total)  =  R1  +  R2  +  R3

           =  10  +  20  +  30

           =  60 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.  In the above circuit

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  120 / 60

           =  2 amps

Using the fact the same circuit current flows through each device, Ohm's law can be used to determine the voltage drop across each resistor.

E (R1)  =  I (total) x R1

        =  2 x 10

        = 20 volts

E (R2)  =  I (total) x R2

        =  2 x 20

        = 40 volts

E (R3)  =  I (total) x R3

        =  2 x 30

        = 60 volts

Kirchoff's voltage law states the sum of voltage drops around a series circuit is equal to the applied voltage.

E (drops)    =  E (R1)  +  E (R2)  +  E (R3)

             =  20 + 40 + 60

             =  120 volts

E (applied)  =  B1

             =  120 volts

Example 2

Given a series circuit with five resistors as shown and an applied voltage of 165 volts, determine the circuit current.

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.  In the above circuit

R (total)  =  R1  + R2   + R3   + R4   + R5

           =  500 + 1000 + 2500 + 5000 + 7500

           =  16500 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  165 / 16500

           =  0.01 amps

           =  10 mA

Related topics:

Series circuit theory

Series circuit exercise

Series circuit


Series circuit demonstration circuit
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Series Circuit Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

This circuit demonstrates the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in a series circuit.

Step 1 - construct the circuit

Use Circuit Shop tools to construct the following circuit.  See detailed instructions if you are unfamiliar with Circuit Shop.

Step 2 - analyse the circuit

Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.  Analysing a circuit provides additional details.

If the circuit has been correctly constructed and the device meters correctly linked to the resistors, after the analyse command has been executed, the device meters should display the following voltages and currents.

     Voltage    Current

     (volts)      (mA)

R1       5         10

R2      10         10

R3      25         10

R4      50         10

R5      75         10

       ===

       165

As stated in Kirchoff's voltage law, the sum of the device meter voltages, 165 volts is equal to the applied voltage by battery B1.

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.

R (total)  =  R1  + R2   + R3   + R4   + R5

           =  500 + 1000 + 2500 + 5000 + 7500

           =  16500 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  165 / 16500

           =  0.01 amps

           =  10 mA

As shown in each device meter, this current flows through each resistor. Series circuits have the property that the current is the same through each device.

Step 2 - increase the voltage

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the battery.

3.	Double click the mouse on the battery to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	In the value field, enter 200 as the battery's new value.  This doubles the applied voltage.

5.	Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.

6.	After the analyse command has been executed, the device meter should display the following voltages and currents.

     Voltage    Current

     (volts)      (mA)

R1      10         20

R2      20         20

R3      50         20

R4     100         20

R5     150         20

       ===

       300

As expected, since the applied voltage was doubled, the resulting circuit current doubled to 20 mA and the voltage across each resistor doubled.  Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  300 / 16500

           =  0.02 amps

           =  20 mA

Related topics:

Resistors and Simple Circuits - Tutorial

Series circuit exercise

Series circuit theory

Series circuit examples

Series circuit demonstration circuit construction

Parallel circuit exercise

Ohm's law exercise

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance


Series circuit demonstration circuit construction
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Series Circuit Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

Circuit Construction

This topic provides detailed instructions to construct the series circuit demonstration circuit shown in the title bar above.

Open a diagram window and display the analog device toolkit:

1.	Use the File|New menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to open a new diagram window.  Creating a new diagram window provides additional details.

2.	Ensure the analog device toolkit is visible.  If the toolkit is not visible, use the View|Analog Device Toolkit menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to display it.

Add resistors to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the resistor icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to approximately the center of the diagram window.

3.	Click the mouse to place the resistor on the diagram.  Adding devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat step (3) to add five resistors to the diagram as shown in the title bar above.

Add a battery to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the battery icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the battery is to be located.  See circuit layout in title bar.

3.	Click the mouse to place the battery on the diagram.

Layout the circuit and rotate the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	If necessary, move the resistors so they are horizontally aligned.  See circuit layout in title bar.  To move a device, press the left mouse button over a device and drag it to the new location.  Moving devices provides additional details.

3.	By default, Circuit Shop places resistors and batteries on a diagram in a horizontal orientation.  To rotate the battery, press the left mouse button over one of the battery terminals and drag it to a vertical orientation.  Rotating devices provides additional details.

4.	Move the battery so the top battery terminal is aligned with the left-most resistor terminal.  See circuit layout in title bar.

Add wires to connect the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the wire icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the top battery terminal.

3.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the left-most resistor terminal.  Connecting devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat steps (2) and (3) to connect each of the resistor terminals to form a "string" of resistors.

5.	Repeat steps (2) and (3) to connect the right-most resistor terminal to the bottom battery terminal.

6.	To "square" up the circuit, a vertex needs to be added to the wire.  Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.  To add a vertex, move the pointer over the wire added in step (5), press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the new location.  Adding a vertex to a wire provides additional details.

At this point the circuit connections are complete and should look as shown in the title bar above.

Add ids and values to the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the left-most resistor.

3.	Double click the mouse on the resistor to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	Enter 1 as the resistor id and 500 ohms as its value.

5.	Repeat steps (3) and (4) on the other resistors, enter 2, 3, 4 and 5 as the resistor ids and 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500 ohms as their values.

6.	Repeat step (3) on the battery and enter 1 as the battery id and 165 volts as its value.

6.	Because of the vertical device orientation of the battery, the displayed id and value, called annotations, need to be moved.  See the circuit layout in title bar above for suggested annotation locations.  To move an annotation, using the pointer, press the left mouse button over the annotation and drag it to the new location.  Moving objects provides additional details.

At this point the circuit is complete.  The devices have been added, wires have been added to connect the devices, and their ids and values have been defined.

Add device meters to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the device meter icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Five device meters need to be added to the diagram as shown below.

To add the first meter, move the mouse onto the diagram to a position just under the battery as shown in the title bar above.

3.	Click the mouse to place the meter on the diagram.  Adding objects provides additional details.

4.	Repeat step (3) to add the other four meters as shown above.

Link the meters to the resistors:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the first device meter.

3.	Double click the mouse on the meter to open the Edit Meter dialog box.  Modifying object values provides additional details.

4.	To link the meter to the resistor, select Resistor as the device type and 1 as the id.

5.	Repeat steps (2), (3) and (4) on the other meters, select Resistor as the device type and enter 2, 3, 4 and 5 as the device ids.

At this point the circuit construction is complete.  Return to series circuit demonstration to complete the exercise.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits

Dialog boxes


Parallel circuit exercise
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Parallel Circuit Exercise

Theory

The relationship between voltage, current and resistance in a parallel circuit can be found in theory.

Examples

The use of Ohm's law to determine a parallel circuit's current, voltage or resistance can be found in examples.

Demonstration

Parallel circuit demonstration provides instructions to construct a simple Circuit Shop circuit to show the relationships between voltage, current and resistance in a parallel circuit.

Related topics:

Parallel circuit theory

Parallel circuit examples

Parallel circuit demonstration circuit

Parallel circuit demonstration circuit construction

Series circuit exercise

Ohm's law exercise

Parallel circuit

Series circuit

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Tutorial topic tree


Parallel circuit theory
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Parallel Circuit Exercise

Theory

A parallel circuit is composed of circuit components connected side-by-side such that the circuit current has multiple paths.

Parallel circuit current

In the above circuit, R1 and R2 are connected in "parallel" to battery B1, i.e. battery B1 applies its voltage equally across resistors R1 and R2.

Using Ohm's law, the current in each branch of the parallel circuit is equal to the voltage applied across the branch divided by the branch resistance.  In the above circuit, the current through R1's branch is the voltage applied by B1 divided by the resistance of the branch.  The current through R2's branch may be found in a similar manner.

I (R1)  =  E (B1) / R1

I (R2)  =  E (B1) / R2

Kirchoff's current law states the total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the branch currents.  In the above circuit, the total current is the sum of the currents through each branch.

I (total)  =  I (R1)  +  I (R2)

In general, the total current in a parallel circuit with branch currents I1, I2, I3, ... is

I (total)  =  I1 + I2 + I3 + ...

Parallel circuit resistance

The general formula for finding the total resistance of resistances in parallel (sometimes called the reciprocal of reciprocals) is

                      1

R (total) = ---------------------

             1     1     1

            --- + --- + --- + ...

             R1    R2    R3

Note: The total resistance of a parallel circuit is always less than the lowest branch resistance value.  This is because the total current for a parallel circuit is always greater than the current through any individual branch.

For two resistors in parallel, the formula can be arranged as

              R1 x R2

R (total) = -----------

             R1  +  R2

For N parallel resistors of equal value R, another special case formula can be used

             R

R (total) = ---

             N

A second approach to determining the total resistance of a parallel circuit:

1.	Use Ohm's law to determine the current through each branch.

2.	Sum the branch currents to determine the total circuit current.

3.	Use Ohm's law again to determine the total resistance based on the applied voltage divided by the total circuit current.

For example, for a circuit with a voltage source E1 and three parallel resistors, R1, R2 and R3.

1.	  I1  =  E1 / R1

  I2  =  E1 / R2

  I3  =  E1 / R3

2.	  I (total)  =  I1 + I2 + I3

3.	  R (total)  =  E1 / I (total)

Parallel circuit examples works through an example of the use of the above equations.

Power

Parallel circuit power describes how power is calculated in a parallel circuit.

Related topics:

Kirchoff's current law

Parallel circuit exercise

Parallel circuit examples

Parallel circuit demonstration circuit

Power and energy exercise


Parallel circuit examples
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Parallel Circuit Exercise

Examples

Example 1

Circuit values

   B1 =  120 volts

   R1 =  100 ohms

   R2 =  500 ohms

   R3 = 2000 ohms

As described in parallel circuit theory, the total resistance in a parallel circuit may be found using the following general formula.

                      1

R (total) = ---------------------

             1     1     1

            --- + --- + --- + ...

             R1    R2    R3

Using the circuit values

R (total)

  = 1 / ( 1/R1  + 1/R2  + 1/R3   )

  = 1 / ( 1/100 + 1/500 + 1/2000 )

  = 1 / ( 0.01  + 0.002 + 0.0005 )

  = 1 / 0.0125

  = 80 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.  In the above circuit

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  120 / 80

           =  1.5 amps

The total resistance and total current of a parallel circuit may be verified as follows:

1.	Use Ohm's law to determine the current through each branch.

2.	Sum the branch currents to determine the total circuit current.

3.	Use Ohm's law again to determine the total resistance based on the applied voltage divided by the total circuit current.

In the above circuit

1.	  I1  =  E1 / R1  =  120 /  100  =  1.2  amps

  I2  =  E1 / R2  =  120 /  500  =  0.24 amps

  I3  =  E1 / R3  =  120 / 2000  =  0.06 amps

2.	  I (total)  =   I1 +   I2 +   I3

             =  1.2 + 0.24 + 0.06

             =  1.5 amps

3.	  R (total)  =   E1 / I (total)

             =  120 / 1.5

             =  80 ohms

Example 2

Circuit values

   B1 =  120 volts

   R1 =  100 ohms

   R2 =  400 ohms

As described in parallel circuit theory, the total resistance in a parallel circuit containing two resistors may be found using the following special case formula.

              R1 x R2

R (total) = -----------

             R1  +  R2

In the above circuit

R (total)

  = (100 x 400) / (100 + 400)

  = 40000 / 500

  = 80 ohms

Example 3

Circuit values

   B1 =  120 volts

   R1 =  150 ohms

   R2 =  150 ohms

   R3 =  150 ohms

As described in parallel circuit theory, the total resistance in a parallel circuit containing resistors of equal value may be found using the following special case formula.

             R

R (total) = ---

             N

In the above circuit

R (total) = 150 / 3

          = 50 ohms

Related topics:

Parallel circuit theory

Parallel circuit exercise

Parallel circuit


Parallel circuit demonstration circuit
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Parallel Circuit Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

This circuit demonstrates the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in a parallel circuit.

Step 1 - construct the circuit

Use Circuit Shop tools to construct the following circuit.  See detailed instructions if you are unfamiliar with Circuit Shop.

Step 2 - analyse the circuit

Use the Tool|Analyse menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to analyse the circuit.  Analysing a circuit provides additional details.

If the circuit has been correctly constructed and the device meters correctly linked to the resistors, after the analyse command has been executed, the device meters should display the following voltages and currents.

     Voltage    Current

     (volts)      (mA)

R1     120        1200

R2     120         240

R3     120          60

                  ====

                  1500  =  1.5 amps

As stated in Kirchoff's current law, the sum of the branch currents as shown by the device meter currents, 1.5 amps, is the total current in the parallel circuit.

Using Ohm's law, the total resistance in a parallel circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total current.  For the above circuit

R (total)  =  E (total) / I (total)

           =  120 / 1.5

           =  80 ohms

As described in parallel circuit theory, the total resistance in a parallel circuit is always less than any individual branch resistance.  In the above circuit, the total resistance is 80 ohms which is less than the lowest branch resistance, 100 ohms.

Related topics:

Resistors and Simple Circuits - Tutorial

Parallel circuit exercise

Parallel circuit theory

Parallel circuit examples

Parallel circuit demonstration circuit construction

Series circuit exercise

Ohm's law exercise

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance


Parallel circuit demonstration circuit construction
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Parallel Circuit Exercise

Demonstration Circuit

Circuit Construction

This topic provides detailed instructions to construct the parallel circuit demonstration circuit shown in the title bar above.

Open a diagram window and display the analog device toolkit:

1.	Use the File|New menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to open a new diagram window.  Creating a new diagram window provides additional details.

2.	Ensure the analog device toolkit is visible.  If the toolkit is not visible, use the View|Analog Device Toolkit menu command or the toolbar icon [image] to display it.

Add resistors to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the resistor icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to approximately the center of the diagram window.

3.	Click the mouse to place the resistor on the diagram.  Adding devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat step (3) to add two more resistors to the diagram as shown in the title bar above.

Add a battery to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the battery icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram to where the battery is to be located.  See circuit layout in title bar.

3.	Click the mouse to place the battery on the diagram.

Layout the circuit and rotate the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	If necessary, move the battery and resistors so they are horizontally aligned.  See circuit layout in title bar.  To move a device, press the left mouse button over a device and drag it to the new location.  Moving devices provides additional details.

3.	By default, Circuit Shop places resistors and batteries on a diagram in a horizontal orientation.  To rotate the battery and each resistor, press the left mouse button over one of the device's terminals and drag it to a vertical orientation.  Rotating devices provides additional details.

Add wires to connect the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the wire icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the top battery terminal.

3.	Press the left mouse button and drag the wire to the left-most resistor top terminal.  Connecting devices provides additional details.

4.	Repeat steps (2) and (3) to connect each top resistor terminal, the bottom battery terminal to the left-most resistor bottom terminal, and each bottom resistor terminal.

At this point the circuit connections are complete and should look as shown in the title bar above.

Add ids and values to the devices:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the left-most resistor.

3.	Double click the mouse on the resistor to open the Edit Device dialog box.  Modifying device values provides additional details.

4.	Enter 1 as the resistor id and 100 ohms as its value.

5.	Repeat steps (3) and (4) on the other resistors, enter 2 and 3 as the resistor ids and 500, 2000 ohms as their values.

6.	Repeat step (3) on the battery and enter 1 as the battery id and 120 volts as its value.

6.	Because of the vertical device orientation of the devices, the displayed ids and values, called annotations, need to be moved.  See the circuit layout in title bar above for suggested annotation locations.  To move an annotation, using the pointer, press the left mouse button over the annotation and drag it to the new location.  Moving objects provides additional details.

At this point the circuit is complete.  The devices have been added, wires have been added to connect the devices, and their ids and values have been defined.

Add device meters to the diagram:

1.	Using the mouse, click the device meter icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Three device meters need to be added to the diagram.  To add the first meter, move the mouse onto the diagram to a position just under the battery as shown above.

3.	Click the mouse to place the meter on the diagram.  Adding objects provides additional details.

4.	Repeat step (3) to add the other two meters as shown above.

Link the meters to the resistors:

1.	Using the mouse, click the pointer icon [image] on the analog device toolkit.

2.	Move the mouse onto the diagram over the first device meter.

3.	Double click the mouse on the meter to open the Edit Meter dialog box.  Modifying object values provides additional details.

4.	To link the meter to the resistor, select Resistor as the device type and 1 as the id.

5.	Repeat steps (2), (3) and (4) on the other meters, select Resistor as the device type and enter 2 and 3 as the device ids.

At this point the circuit construction is complete.  Return to parallel circuit demonstration to complete the exercise.

Related topics:

Creating and editing diagrams

Menu commands

Toolbar commands

Device and drawing toolkits

Dialog boxes


Power and energy exercise
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Power

Theory

The equation for power in an electrical circuit and the relationship between voltage, current and resistance can be found in theory.

Examples

The use of the equation for power to determine a circuit's power consumption can be found in examples.

Energy

Theory

The equation for energy in an electric circuit and the relationship to power can be found in theory.

Examples

The use of the equation for energy to determine a circuit's energy consumption can be found in examples.

Related topics:

Ohm's law

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Tutorial topic tree


Power theory
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Power - Theory

Power is the rate of doing work.  Electrical power in a resistance is turned into heat.  The greater the power, the faster heat is generated.

  -	The power in a circuit is directly proportional to the product of the applied electromotive force and the resulting circuit current.  In other words, the greater the voltage and current, the greater the power.

  -	The power in watts in a circuit is equal to the voltage in volts times the circuit current in amperes.

Power is measured in watts, named after James Watt, the Scottish mechanical engineer who invented the steam engine.

In equation form

P (watts)  =  E (volts)  x  I (amperes)

where

P = the circuit power in watts

E = the applied voltage in volts

I = the circuit current in amperes

By substituting the Ohm's law equivalent for E, I and R, (see Ohm's law theory) the above equation can be arranged as

          E**2

     P = ------     P = I**2 x R

           R

Using the various forms of the above equations, if any two variables is known, the third variable can be determined.  See power examples.

When using any of the above equations, all variable values must be in the same basic units, for example E in volts, I in amperes and R in ohms.  See unit conversions.

Power calculation in a series  and parallel circuits is described in series circuit power and parallel circuit power respectively.

Related topics:

Power examples

Power and energy exercise

Voltage

Current

Resistance


Power examples
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Power - Examples

Example 1

Given a voltage of 10 volts and a current of 5 amperes, what is the power in the circuit?

     P = E x I

       = 10 x 5

       = 50 watts

Example 2

Given a voltage of 20 volts and a resistance of 50 ohms, what is the power in the circuit?

          E**2     20**2    400

     P = ------ =  ----- = ----- = 20 watts

           R        50       50

Example 3

Given a current of 10 amperes and a resistance of 20 ohms, what is the power in the circuit?

     P = I**2  x R

       = 10**2 x 20

       = 100   x 20

       = 2000 watts

Related topics:

Power theory

Power and energy exercise

Series circuit power

Parallel circuit power

Voltage

Current

Resistance


Series circuit power
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Series Circuit Power

Power can be calculated as the product of the total voltage times the total current.  In the above circuit, using the following circuit values

   B1 = 120 volts

   R1 =  10 ohms

   R2 =  20 ohms

   R3 =  30 ohms

The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances.  In the above circuit

R (total)  =  R1  +  R2  +  R3

           =  10  +  20  +  30

           =  60 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.  In the above circuit

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  120 / 60

           =  2 amps

When the total voltage and current is known, the power may be determined as

P (total)  =  E (total)   x I (total)

           =  120 (volts) x 2 (amps)

           =  240 watts

Alternatively, power can be calculated as the sum of the power requirements for each device.  In the above circuit, using the same circuit values, power may be calculated using the   P = I**2 x R  formula developed in the power theory topic.  Note, this formula can be used because the same current flows through each device.

P (R1)  =  I (total)**2 x R1

        =  2**2 x 10

        =  4    x 10

        =  40 watts

P (R2)  =  I (total)**2 x R2

        =  2**2 x 20

        =  80 watts

P (R3)  =  I (total)**2 x R3

        =  2**2 x 30

        =  120 watts

P (total)  =  P (R1)  +  P (R2)  +  P (R3)

           =  40      +  80      +  120

           =  240 watts

Related topics:

Power theory

Power and energy exercise

Series circuit exercise

Parallel circuit power


Parallel circuit power
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Parallel Circuit Power

Power can be calculated as the product of the total voltage times the total current.  In the above circuit, using the following circuit values

   B1 =  120 volts

   R1 =  100 ohms

   R2 =  500 ohms

   R3 = 2000 ohms

As described in parallel circuit theory, the total resistance in a parallel circuit may be found using the following general formula.

                      1

R (total) = ---------------------

             1     1     1

            --- + --- + --- + ...

             R1    R2    R3

Using the circuit values

R (total)

  = 1 / ( 1/R1  + 1/R2  + 1/R3   )

  = 1 / ( 1/100 + 1/500 + 1/2000 )

  = 1 / ( 0.01  + 0.002 + 0.0005 )

  = 1 / 0.0125

  = 80 ohms

Using Ohm's law, the total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the total applied voltage divided by the total resistance.  In the above circuit

I (total)  =  E (total) / R (total)

           =  120 / 80

           =  1.5 amps

When the total voltage and current is known, the power may be determined as

P (total)  =  E (total)   x I (total)

           =  120 (volts) x 1.5 (amps)

           =  180 watts

Alternatively, power can be calculated as the sum of the power requirements for each device.  In the above circuit, using the same circuit values, power may be calculated using the   P = E**2 / R  formula developed in the power theory topic.  Note, this formula can be used because the same voltage is applied to each device.

P (R1)  =  E (total)**2 / R1

        =  120**2       / 100

        =  14400        / 100

        =  144 watts

P (R2)  =  I (total)**2 / R2

        =  120**2       / 500

        =  28.8 watts

P (R3)  =  I (total)**2 / R3

        =  120**2       / 2000

        =  7.2 watts

P (total)  =  P (R1)  +  P (R2)  +  P (R3)

           =  144     +  28.8    +  7.2

           =  180 watts

Related topics:

Power theory

Power and energy exercise

Parallel circuit exercise

Series circuit power


Energy theory
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Energy - Theory

Whereas power is the rate at which work is done, energy is the amount of work actually performed in a period of time.  In other words, a small amount of power for a long period of time can use the same amount of energy as a large amount of power for a short period of time.

  -	The energy used in a circuit is directly proportional to the product of the power and the time duration.  In other words, the greater the power and time, the greater the energy.

  -	The energy in watt-hours used in a circuit is equal to the power in watts multiplied by the time duration in hours.

Energy is measured in watt-hours, one watt-hour is equivalent to one watt of power used for one hour.  The usual household measure of energy is kilowatt-hours which is 1000 watt-hours (1 watt for 1000 hours or 1000 watts for 1 hour).

In equation form

W (watt-hours)  =  P (watts)  x  t (hours)

where

W = the circuit energy in watt-hours

P = the circuit power in watts

t = the time duration in hours

Related topics:

Power examples

Power and energy exercise

Power


Energy examples
Resistors and Simple Circuits Tutorial

Power and Energy Exercise

Energy - Examples

Example 1

Given a power of 10 watts and a time duration of 3 hours, what is the energy used in the circuit?

     W = P x t

       = 10 x 3

       = 30 watt-hours

Example 2

Given a power of 2000 watts and a time duration of 2 hours, what is the energy used in the circuit?

     W = P x t

       = 2000 x 2

       = 4000 watt-hours

       = 4 kilowatt-hours

Example 3

Given a voltage of 12 volts and a current of 0.5 amperes and a time duration of 24 hours, what is the energy used in the circuit?

First calculate the circuit power

     P = E x I

       = 12 x 0.5

       = 6 watts

Using the circuit power, calculate the energy used

     W = P x t

       = 6 x 24

       = 144 watt-hours

Related topics:

Energy theory

Power theory

Power examples

Power and energy exercise

Energy

Power